The general guideline out of Cornell University is to have a growth goal for dairy calves of doubling their birth weight by 56 days of age. For example, a heifer calf that weighs 100 lb at birth should be fed a balance of nutrients in order to reach a weight of 200 lb by day 56. This means the calf must have an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.78 lb/day over that time period.
Let’s assume with a group of calves that the ADG goal has been met, the calves are strong and healthy, and now it’s time to wean them. How does the dairy heifer grower keep the momentum going? How does the grower take these replacement heifer calves into the next stage of development to attain a target goal for frame size and body weight by 25 weeks of age without excessive body condition? How can the grower produce heifers that will provide consistent performances across all seasons of the year?
This article will discuss three feeding strategy options that were evaluated at the U of M Southern Research and Outreach Center (SROC) in Waseca from 2003-2005 on feeding dairy heifers based on limit or full-fed concentrate mixtures, with or without access to long hay, during part of the feeding period from 2 to 6 months of age. All heifers were from three commercial dairies and housed in grower barns in 4 or 5 replicated group pens (6 heifers/pen) per dietary treatment. Studies included 72 to 96 Holstein dairy heifers with treatments lasting 84 to 112 days.
1. Concentrate diets containing alternative protein sources. 90 Holstein heifers, 84-day trial. All three diets contained an 18% crude protein concentrate mix (DM basis) with cracked corn, fed up to a maximum of 5 lb/head/day with access to long hay (16.7% CP). Protein alternatives included: soybean meal-based pellet (CCP); dried distillers grain (CCDDG); and, urea partially replacing soybean meal (CCUP).
Results (Table 1) – Overall heifer performance was not affected by concentrate mix fed. Limit feeding a concentrate mix to 5 lb/day with free choice hay for post-weaned dairy heifers supported good growth rates and is a very acceptable program. The addition of dried distillers grain (3.2 lb/day) or urea (0.03 lb/day) as alternative protein sources in concentrate mixes to help feed utilization are acceptable options.
2. Full vs. limit fed whole-shelled corn and protein pellet diets with differing fiber levels. 96 Holstein heifers, 112-day trial. Diets formulated used either a 16% or 18% concentrate mix with free-choice hay vs. no hay.
Results (Table 2) – Limit fed with corn and pellet mix (LFWCP); full fed with corn and pellet mix (FFWCP); full fed with high fiber (FFHF); full fed with low fiber (FFLF). Limit-feeding concentrate grower diets with access to free choice hay (avg. 6.25 lb/day) in group pens from 9 to 25 weeks of age resulted in a more consistent heifer performance without excess body condition when compared to full fed concentrates without hay followed by a period of limit feeding concentrates with full fed hay.
3. Conventional (GM) vs. whole shelled corn and pellet (WCP) vs. complete pellet (CP) diets. 72 Holstein heifers, 112-day trial. All diets were formulated for 16% crude protein and fed for 16 weeks. Grain mixes were limit fed to 6 lb/heifer daily with free choice hay (16.9% crude protein).
Results (Table 3) – Heifers fed the whole shelled corn and pellet diet had a 3.6 and 5% higher total gain than those fed the grain mix and complete calf grower pellet, respectively. Heifers fed the whole shelled corn and pellet diet used their feed 2.6 and 7.3% more efficiently than those fed the grain mix and complete calf grower pellet diets, respectively. Limit-fed concentrate diets, with access to free-choice hay, fed to heifers performed at a higher growth rate than anticipated. Feed dry matter intake averaged 2.9% of body weight for the 112-day feeding period.
In conclusion, these three feeding trials resulted in very acceptable average daily gains, hip heights and body weights to produce good quality six-month-old heifers. They show various options the heifer grower can consider for developing a nutritional management plan for group-fed dairy heifers between 2 to 6 months of age that will provide consistent performance with considerations for economic efficiencies.
Dairy Heifer Feeding Strategies Performance Tables
Table 1. Protein sources |
Table 2. Full/limit fed, differing fiber levels |
Table 3. Conventional/ |
CCP |
CCDDG |
CCUP |
LFWCP |
FFWCP |
FFHF |
FFLF |
GM |
WCP |
CP |
|
| Initial BW, lb | 223 |
223.3 |
219.8 |
205.1 |
204.1 |
203.8 |
205.6 |
192.8 |
187.7 |
189 |
| Final BW, lb | 398.3 |
406.2 |
396.4 |
457.6 |
482.9 |
485.9 |
483.4 |
457.3 |
462 |
449.5 |
| Total Gain, lb | 175.3 |
182.9 |
176.6 |
252.5 |
278.8 |
282.1 |
277.8 |
264.5 |
274.3 |
260.5 |
| Final Hip Ht, in | 43.9 |
43.8 |
43.7 |
44.8 |
45.0 |
45.4 |
44.9 |
45 |
45.1 |
44.6 |
| Feed/gain, lb | 4.4 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
| ADG, lb | 2.1 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
CCP: soybean meal-based pellet (cracked corn based diet)
CCDDG: dried distillers grain
CCUP: urea partially replacing soybean meal
LFWCP: limit fed with corn and pellet mix
FFWCP: full fed with corn and pellet mix
FFHF: full fed with high fiber
FFLF: full fed with low fiber
GM: conventional diet (grain mix)
WCP: whole shelled corn and pellet
CP: complete pellet diet
by Hugh Chester-Jones and Neil Broadwater - Dairy Connection Articles, University of Minnesota Extension
Heifer Management
User Comments
[URL=http://f0i.ru/link/online%20casino/1_general1.html][IMG]http://f0i.ru/img2011myfeed/online%20casino/1_general1.png[/IMG][/URL]
[URL=http://f0i.ru/link/online%20casino/2_general1.html][IMG]http://f0i.ru/img2011myfeed/online%20casino/2_general1.png[/IMG][/URL]
[URL=http://f0i.ru/link/online%20casino/3_general1.html][IMG]http://f0i.ru/img2011myfeed/online%20casino/3_general1.png[/IMG][/URL]
10 casino online pings september trackback
free online casino cash
casino domain online thefreedictionary.com
holdem play poker texas win yourbestonlinecasino.com
casino online sites.com web
casino jobs online
make money with your own online casino
casino free fun game online prize
casinos great online game
us online casino
no deposit online bonus casinos
casino online gambling
casino game internet poker poker poker video yourbestonlinecasino.com
bet casino casino game online roulette yourbestonlinecasino.com
casino forum gambling href net online site wiki
best casino gambling.com lieu online
canadian casino currency online
casino online slot video
[b]casino machine online slot yourbestonlinecasino.com [/b]
[b]online casino poker games [/b]
[b]casino casino casino casino everestcasino.com online online online u14a50 [/b]
[b]10 best casino online top [/b]
[b]casino free gambling game online [/b]
casino slot yourbestonlinecasino.com
online casino gambling blackjack
casino myshopemall.com online resource
bonus casino offer online signup
profit in online casinos
book casino free game guest linkdomain online
casino free game.andrewsaluk.com link online
advanced book by casino dor guest livre online powered
casino gambling online online online poker poker yourbestonlinecasino.com
great online casinos
casino eteamz.active.com file link online play poker poker.html
casino.com link online slots.lasvegas
best casino deal game online poker
online sport betting casino
casinos great online game
casino online site web
casino casino lemon online play
casino odd online slot
book gambling lemoncasinos.co.uk online sport
20 casino february online pings trackback
bonus.crozbee.com casino free link online
book guest link online.casinocity.com
online casino gaming software
aqua online casino
free gambling holdem poker yourbestonlinecasino.com
online casinos free money
online casinos usa com
las vegas online casinos
1 best casino link online spaces.msn.com
casino ex.com gambling.the link online
viagra madrid
viagra vendo
http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr Acheter Levitra, http://www.ign.com/blogs/sansordonnance/2011/10/16/acheter-cialis-generique-10mg-20mg-40mg-meilleur-prix Cialis Generique, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/Viagra_Generique_Pas_Cher-5894484.html Viagra en Ligne, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/levitra-generique-pas-cher-5894563.html Levitra sur internet, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/cialis-soft-generique-pas-cher-5894600.html Cialis Soft Pas Cher, http://www.ign.com/blogs/sansordonnance/2011/10/16/acheter-viagra-soft-generique-50mg-100mg-meilleur-prix Viagra Soft sur internet, http://www.ign.com/blogs/sansordonnance/2011/10/16/kamagra-100mg-prix Kamagra Sans Ordonnance. http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr/14-Kamagra-Gelee-Orale.html Kamagra Oral Jelly Posologie, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/super-kamagra-pas-cher-5894671.html Acheter Kamagra Soft, http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr/15-Propecia-Generique.html propecia posologie, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/viagra-professional-pas-cher-5894711.html viagra professional prix, http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr/4-Viagra-Super-Active.html viagra super active sans ordonnance, http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr/11-Cialis-Professional.html cialis professional prix, http://meilleurprix.over-blog.fr/pages/cialis-super-active-pas-cher-5894795.html cialis super active generique, http://sansordonnance.onlc.fr/7-Levitra-Professional.html levitra professional 20g
http://sansordonnance.blogdiario.es Levitra Posologie, http://sansordonnance.insanejournal.com Levitra Pas Cher, http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/viagra-soft-generique-prix Viagra Soft Pas Cher. http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/cialis-generique-prix Acheter Cialis en Pharmacie, http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/viagra-generique-prix Propecia, http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/cialis-soft-generique-prix Cialis Soft. http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/levitra-generique-prix Achetez Levitra, http://sansordonnance.blogdiario.es/1318863899/acheter-kamagra-100mg Kamagra Posologie, http://sansordonnance.lacoctelera.net/post/2011/10/18/cialis-super-active-prix Kamagra Oral Jelly Prix
http://sansordonnance.monblogue.branchez-vous.com Cialis Pas Cher, http://sansordonnance.monblogue.branchez-vous.com/categorie/10673?Viagra-soft Viagra Soft Posologie, http://sansordonnance.monblogue.branchez-vous.com/categorie/10670?kamagra-oral-jelly Kamagra sur internet. http://sansordonnance.kazeo.com Viagra en Pharmacie, http://sans-ordonnance.sitew.com/CIALIS_Generique.F.htm Cialis Sans Ordonnance, http://sans-ordonnance.sitew.com/CIALIS_SOFT_Generique.I.htm Cialis Soft Sans Ordonnance, http://sans-ordonnance.sitew.com/LEVITRA_Generique.E.htm Levitra Achat, http://sansordonnance.monblogue.branchez-vous.com/categorie/10669?propecia-generique propecia pas cher
pnX hermes birkin replica ilF http://iblog.at/guccioutletstores13/2012/01/14/kelly-bag-hermes-large-volumes/ hmZ gucci messenger bags hdF http://www.christophniemann.com/index.php/member/13515 afP gucci outlet store pmF http://guccidufflebag5988.blogcitoyen.fr/2012/01/14/gucci-outlet-store-person-type/ wuN gucci bags outlet ajE http://fmlsandbox.flux.com/Post/replica-gucci-bags-gucci-bags-outlet/0C8D9FFFF0256F0A10008018130F5?ref_title=guccidufflebags2658&ref_url=http%3a%2f%2ffmlsandbox.flux.com%2fprofile%2f0A1F056020256F0A100010256F0A1%2fContent%2fPost%2fMyPosts2.aspx&ref_ucid=A1F056020256F0A100010256F0A1
Helter-skelter joined third of boob cancer survivors experience fatigue that can trouble their worth of time, but a meagre new reflect on finds that doing yoga effect help bring back some misspent vitality.
source - http://antidepressantslist.webs.com/paroxetinepaxil.htm Paroxetine Cost
Paroxetine Paxil
http://miarroba.com/noprescription Vardenafil Soft
Vardenafil hcl
H5N1 scientists signal a stay on research in organization to authorize administration, scientific and ethics groups to shape out the safest mode to proceed.
source - http://duratia-dapoxetine.blogspot.com Duratia Without Prescription
Order Duratia
H5N1 scientists tell a moratorium on into in organization to allow government, precise and ethics groups to shape outlying the safest direction to proceed.
source - http://poxet-dapoxetine.blogspot.com Dapoxetine
On line Poxet
An investigational vaccine protected some women against infection from everybody of the two types of herpes simplex viruses that reason genital herpes, according to findings in the Further England Documentation of Medicine.
http://buycheaplevitragenericonline.com purchase levitra online
order levitra no prescription
In the well-controlled literature, procession articles are a category of well-ordered paper, which provides a synthesis of inquire into on a theme at that two seconds in time.
http://medexpressrxcom.blogspot.com
Storage is one of the most momentous parts of medicines. Storage instructions are mentioned at the in return hallmark of all medicines. Kamagra also states some storage instructions that are have to to follow http://www.kamagrasildenafilonline.com Cheapest Kamagra. This article mentions its storage instructions in detail. Read them, adopt them and bear into practice.
Kamagra 100mg